Currently, and in simplified terms, there are two main types of visas for entering Portugal:
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Schengen Visas, and
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National Visas.
The Schengen Visa is intended for stays of less than 90 days and applies to short-term visits such as tourism, family visits, business prospecting, professional meetings, medical consultations, or other temporary travel purposes. It does not allow for long-term residence or the pursuit of work or study in Portugal.
The National Visa, also known as a long-stay visa, is required for stays exceeding 90 days. It is appropriate for individuals seeking to live in Portugal for reasons such as employment, academic study, family reunification, retirement, or investment and entrepreneurial activity. This visa often serves as the initial step toward securing a residence permit and is subject to specific conditions aligned with the intended purpose of stay.